标准C语言头文件

ISO C标准定义的头文件(24项)

<assert.h> 验证程序断言       <complex.h> 支持复数算术运算      <ctype.h> 字符类型

<errno.h> 出错码             <fenv.h> 浮点环境                <float.h> 浮点常量

<inttypes.h> 整型格式转换     <iso646.h> 替代关系操作符宏        <limits.h> 实现常量

<locale.h> 局部类别          <math.h> 数学常量                <setjmp.h> 非局部goto

<signal.h> 信号              <stdarg.h> 可变参数表            <stdbool.h> 布尔类型和值

<stddef.h> 标准定义          <stdint.h> 整型                  <stdio.h> 标准I/O库

<stdlib.h> 实用程序库函数     <string.h> 字符串操作            <tgmath.h> 通用类型数学宏

<time.h> 时间和日期          <wchar.h> 宽字符支持             <wctype.h> 宽字符分类和映射支持

POSIX标准定义的必须的头文件(26项)

<dirent.h> 目录项            <fcntl.h> 文件控制               <fnmatch.h> 文件名匹配类型

<glob.h> 路径名模式匹配类型    <grp.h> 组文件                   <netdb.h> 网络数据库操作

<pwd.h> 口令文件             <regex.h> 正则表达式             <tar.h> tar归档值

<termios.h> 终端I/O         <unistd.h> 符号常量              <utime.h> 文件时间

<wordexp.h> 字扩展类型       <arpa/inet.h> Internet定义      <net/if.h> 套接字本地接口

<netinet/in.h> Internet地址族 <netinet/tcp.h> 传输控制协议 <sys/mman.h> 内存管理声明

<sys/select.h> select函数   <sys/socket.h> 套接字接口    <sys/stat.h> 文件状态

<sys/times.h> 进程时间       <sys/types.h> 基本系统数据类型 <sys/un.h> UNIX域套接字定义

<sys/utsname.h>系统名        <sys/wait.h> 进程控制

POSIX标准定义的XSI扩展头文件(26项)

<cpio.h> cpio归档值         <dlfcn.h> 动态链接               <fmtmsg.h> 消息显示结构

<ftw.h> 文件树漫游           <iconv.h> 代码集转换实用程序       <langinfo.h> 语言信息常量

<libgen.h> 模式匹配函数定义   <monetary.h> 货币类型            <ndbm.h> 数据库操作

<nl_types.h> 消息类别        <poll.h> 轮询函数                <search.h> 搜索表

<strings.h> 字符串操作       <syslog.h> 系统出错日志记录       <ucontext.h> 用户上下文

<ulimit.h> 用户限制          <utmpx.h> 用户帐户数据库          <sys/ipc.h> IPC

<sys/msg.h> 消息队列         <sys/resource.h> 资源操作    <sys/sem.h> 信号量

<sys/shm.h> 共享存储         <sys/statvfs.h> 文件系统信息      <sys/time.h> 时间类型

<sys/timeb.h> 附加的时间      <sys/uio.h> 矢量I/O操作

POSIX标准定义的可选头文件(8项)

<aio.h> 异步I/O             <mqueue.h> 消息队列              <pthread.h> 线程

<sched.h> 执行调度           <semaphore.h> 信号量             <spawn.h> 实时spawn接口

<stropts.h> XSI STREAMS接口 <trace.h> 时间跟踪

标准 C++ 语言头文件（54个其中16个用于构建STL,3个为附加非必须）　

<algorithm>　STL通用算法     <bitset> STL位集容器             <cassert> 用于在程序运行时执行断言

<cctype> 字符处理            <cerrno> 错误码                  <cfloat> 用于测试浮点类型属性
<ciso646> ISO646变体字符集   <climits> 测试整数类型属性    <clocale> 本地化函数

<cmath> 数学函数             <complex>　复数类                <csetjmp> 执行非内部的goto语句

<csignal> 信号               <cstdarg> 访问参数数量变化的函数   <cstddef> 用于定义实用的类型和宏

<cstdio> 输入/输出           <cstdlib> 杂项函数及内存分配       <cstring> 字符串

<ctime> 时间                 <cwchar> 宽字符处理及输入/输出     <cwctype> 宽字符分类

<deque> STL双端队列容器      <exception> 异常处理类            <fstream> 文件流    

<functional> STL函数对象     <iomanip> 参数化输入/输出         <ios>　基本输入/输出支持

<iosfwd> 输入/输出前置声明    <iostream> 数据流输入/输出        <istream> 基本输入流

<iterator> 遍历序列的类       <limits> 各种数据类型最值常量      <list>　STL线性列表容器

<locale> 国际化支持           <map> STL映射容器                <memory> 专用内存分配器

<new> 基本内存分配和释放       <numeric> 通用的数字操作          <ostream> 基本输出流

<queue> STL 队列容器         <set> STL 集合容器               <sstream> 基于字符串的流

<stack> STL 堆栈容器         <stdexcept> 标准异常类            <streambuf> iostream 的缓冲区类

<string> 字符串类            <strstream> 非内存字符序列的流类   <typeinfo>  运行时类型标识

<utility> STL 通用模板类      <valarray> 支持值数组的类和模版类  <vector> STL 动态数组容器

标准C++附加的头文件(3个)非必须

<hash_map>                  <hash_set>                      <slist>

The Standard C++ library consists of 51 required headers.This implementation also includes three additional headers,<hash_map>,<hash_set>,and <slist>,not required by the C++ Standard, for a total of 54 headers.Of these 54 headers,16 constitute the Standard Template Library, or STL.These are indicated below with the notation
<algorithm> -- (STL) for defining numerous templates that implement useful algorithms
<bitset>    -- for defining a template class that administers sets of bits
<complex>   -- for defining a template class that supports complex arithmetic
<deque>     -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a deque container
<exception> -- for defining several functions that control exception handling
<fstream>   -- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate exteral files
<functional>    -- (STL) for defining several templates that help construct predicates for    
                      the templates defined in <algorithm> and <numeric>
<hash_map>  -- (STL) for defining template classes that implement hashed associative containers
                 that map keys to values
<hash_set>  -- (STL) for defining template classes that implement hashed associative containers
<iomanip>   -- for declaring several iostreams manipulators that take an argument
<ios>       -- for defining the template class that serves as the base for many iostreams classes
<iosfwd>    -- for declaring several iostreams template classes before they are necessarily
                 defined
<iostream>  -- for declaring the iostreams objects that manipulate the standard streams
<istream>   -- for defining the template class that performs extractions
<iterator>  -- (STL) for defining several templates that help define and manipulate iterators
<limits>    -- for testing numeric type properties
<list>      -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a doubly linked list container
<locale>    -- for defining several classes and templates that control
                  locale-specific behavior, as in the iostreams classes
<map>       -- (STL) for defining template classes that implement associative containers that
                  map keys to values
<memory>    -- (STL) for defining several templates that allocate and free storage for various
                  container classes
<new>       -- for declaring several functions that allocate and free storage
<numeric>   -- (STL) for defining several templates that implement useful numeric functions
<ostream>   -- for defining the template class that performs insertions
<queue>     -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a queue container
<set>       -- (STL) for defining template classes that implement associative containers
<slist>     -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a singly linked list container
<sstream>  -- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate string containers
<stack>     -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a stack container
<stdexcept> -- for defining several classes useful for reporting exceptions
<streambuf> -- for defining template classes that buffer iostreams operations
<string>    -- for defining a template class that implements a string container
<strstream> -- for defining several iostreams classes that manipulate in-memory character
                sequences
<typeinfo>  -- for defining class type_info, the result of the typeid operator
<utility>   -- (STL) for defining several templates of general utility
<valarray>  -- for defining several classes and template classes that support value-oriented
               arrays
<vector>    -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a vector container
新的C标准库
<cassert>   -- for enforcing assertions when functions execute
<cctype>    -- for classifying characters
<cerrno>    -- for testing error codes reported by library functions
<cfloat>    -- for testing floating-point type properties
<ciso646>   -- for programming in ISO 646 variant character sets
<climits>   -- for testing integer type properties
<clocale>   -- for adapting to different cultural conventions
<cmath>     -- for computing common mathematical functions
<csetjmp>   -- for executing nonlocal goto statements
<csignal>   -- for controlling various exceptional conditions
<cstdarg>   -- for accessing a varying number of arguments
<cstddef>   -- for defining several useful types and macros
<cstdio>    -- for performing input and output
<cstdlib>   -- for performing a variety of operations
<cstring>   -- for manipulating several kinds of strings
<ctime>     -- for converting between various time and date formats
<cwchar>    -- for manipulating wide streams and several kinds of strings
<cwctype>   -- for classifying wide characters
旧的C标准库
<assert.h>  -- for enforcing assertions when functions execute
<ctype.h>   -- for classifying characters
<errno.h>   -- for testing error codes reported by library functions
<float.h>   -- for testing floating-point type properties
<iso646.h>  -- for programming in ISO 646 variant character sets
<limits.h>  -- for testing integer type properties
<locale.h>  -- for adapting to different cultural conventions
<math.h>    -- for computing common mathematical functions
<setjmp.h>  -- for executing nonlocal goto statements
<signal.h>  -- for controlling various exceptional conditions
<stdarg.h>  -- for accessing a varying number of arguments
<stddef.h>  -- for defining several useful types and macros
<stdio.h>   -- for performing input and output
<stdlib.h>  -- for performing a variety of operations
<string.h>  -- for manipulating several kinds of strings
<time.h>    -- for converting between various time and date formats
<wchar.h>   -- for manipulating wide streams and several kinds of strings
<wctype.h>  -- for classifying wide characters

Finally, in this implementation, the Standard C++ library also includes several headers for compatibility with traditional C++ libraries:
<fstream.h> -- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate exteral files
<iomanip.h> -- for declaring several iostreams manipulators that take an argument
<iostream.h> -- for declaring the iostreams objects that manipulate the standard streams
<new.h>     -- for declaring several functions that allocate and free storage
<stl.h>     -- for declaring several template classes that aid migration from older versions
                 of the Standard Template Library